![]() Overview Version 7 Unix, the Research Unix ancestor of all modern Unix systems Unix distinguishes itself from its predecessors as the first portable operating system: almost the entire operating system is written in the C programming language, which allows Unix to operate on numerous platforms. A unified and inode-based filesystem and an inter-process communication mechanism known as " pipes" serve as the main means of communication, and a shell scripting and command language (the Unix shell) is used to combine the tools to perform complex workflows. According to this philosophy, the operating system should provide a set of simple tools, each of which performs a limited, well-defined function. Unix systems are characterized by a modular design that is sometimes called the " Unix philosophy". The Open Group allows the use of the mark for certified operating systems that comply with the Single UNIX Specification (SUS).Įarly versions of Unix ran on PDP-11 computers. In the early 1990s, AT&T sold its rights in Unix to Novell, which then sold the UNIX trademark to The Open Group, an industry consortium founded in 1996. ![]() Initially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed Unix to outside parties in the late 1970s, leading to a variety of both academic and commercial Unix variants from vendors including University of California, Berkeley ( BSD), Microsoft ( Xenix), Sun Microsystems ( SunOS/ Solaris), HP/ HPE ( HP-UX), and IBM ( AIX). Unix ( / ˈ j uː n ɪ k s/, YOO-niks trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. Varies some versions are proprietary, others are free/ open-source software Historically proprietary software, while some Unix projects (including BSD family and illumos) are open-sourceįirst manual published internally in November 1971 ( 1971-11) Īnnounced outside Bell Labs in October 1973 ( 1973-10) Ĭommand-line interface and Graphical ( Wayland and X Window System Android SurfaceFlinger macOS Quartz) ![]() ![]() Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna at Bell Labs Unix System III running on a PDP-11 simulator ![]()
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